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Maciej Lebiest
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README.md
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README.md
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Arch-install-encrypted-btrfs
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# Install Arch Linux with encrypted file-system(optional) and on btrfs partition (UEFI)
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Official guide: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide)
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it is always good to consult with official guide, cause arch config might change in time
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# 1. Boot ISO
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### Download the ISO file from [https://www.archlinux.org](https://www.archlinux.org/)
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### put on pedrive
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>dd if=archlinux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=16M && sync # on linux
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### Boot from the usb.
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### Set keymap
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>loadkeys pl
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### update clock
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>timedatectl set-ntp true
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### optionally (recommended) update mirrorlist
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>reflector --country 'Poland' --age 24 --verbose --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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# 2. Prepare Disk
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### Update btrfs-progs
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>pacman -Syy btrfs-progs
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### display disks setup
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>fdisk -l
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### Create partitions (if u have not already)
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>fdisk /dev/sdX
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1. 100MB EFI partition # type code: 1
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2. 100% size partiton # ( encrypted optionally) for BTRFS, this partition will require formatting AFTER encryption if you do encryption
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### swap will be as file in its own subvolume
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>mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdX1 # EFI partiton formatting is required
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### ----------------- encryption (optional) ------------------
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### Setup the encryption of the system, don't use letters outside en-us keyboard like ąęć etc. for password
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### you can check if grub with encrypted /boot support luks2 format when you are reading it, it coud have changed, but now grub only supports luks1
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>cryptsetup -c=aes-xts-plain64 --key-size=512 --hash=sha512 --iter-time=3000 --use-random luksFormat --type=luks1 /dev/sdX2
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>cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX2 MainPart
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### formatting as btrfs now when it is already encrypted
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>mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/mapper/MainPart
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### ---------------- end of encryption ------------------------
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### Format the partition if not yet formatted:
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>pacman -Syy btrfs-progs
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>mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/sdX2
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### mount partition to be able to create btrfs subvolumes
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### if using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart
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>mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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## Create subvolumes
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### Creating using more complicated sheme, (but there actually is only need for separate @swap subvolume , other files can be on pure partition )
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@swap
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@home
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@var
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@tmp
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@snapshots
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>umount /mnt
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### if using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@ /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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>mkdir /mnt/swap
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>mkdir /mnt/home
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>mkdir /mnt/var
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>mkdir /mnt/tmp
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>mkdir /mnt/snapshots
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>mkdir /mnt/efi # for EFI partition /dev/sdX1
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### if using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart
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### IMPORTANT for swap subvolume add nodatacow option to disable CoW
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### discard ssd and noatime are for ssd disks only
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,nodatacow,discard,ssd,subvol=@swap /dev/sdX2 /mnt/swap
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@home /dev/sdX2 /mnt/home
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@var /dev/sdX2 /mnt/var
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@tmp /dev/sdX2 /mnt/tmp
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@snapshots /dev/sdX2 /mnt/snapshots
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>mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/efi
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# 3. Install Arch Linux
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### Select the mirror to be used if not updated with reflector on start
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>nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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### this command can be customized with additional packages
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>pacstrap /mnt/ base base-devel git btrfs-progs efibootmgr linux linux-headers linux-firmware mkinitcpio dhcpcd bash-completion sudo
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### use genfstab with -U parameter if no encryption
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>genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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### if using swapfile check if nodatacow is added for @swap
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>nano /mnt/etc/fstab
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# 4. Configure the system
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### switch to installed system root
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>arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
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### nano can be usefull when editing config files
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>pacman -Syy nano
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### Setup system clock
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>ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime
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>hwclock --systohc --utc
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### Set the hostname
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>/etc/hostname
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>>myhostname
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### edit vconsole
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>/etc/vconsole.conf
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>>KEYMAP=pl
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>>FONT=Lat2-Terminus16.psfu.gz
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>>FONT_MAP=8859-2
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### setup locale
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### uncomment pl_PL.UTF-8 in /etc/locale.gen and then:
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>locale-gen
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### update locale
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>echo LANG=pl_PL.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf
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>echo LC_ALL=pl_PL.UTF-8 >> /etc/locale.conf
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### hosts
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>/etc/hosts
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>>127.0.0.1 localhost
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>>::1 localhost
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>>127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
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### now create 4GiB swap file. nodatacow is already (or should be) on @swap subvolume but it is recommended to disable cow for file :
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>touch /swap/swapfile
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### check if C attribute is enabled with
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>lsattr /swap/swapfile'
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### if not then disable COW for swapfile manually:
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>chattr +C /swap/swapfile
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### expanding empty file to 4GiB swap file
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>dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swapfile bs=1024K count=4096
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>chmod 600 /swap/swapfile
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### Format the swap file.
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>mkswap /swap/swapfile
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### Turn swap file on.
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>swapon /swap/swapfile
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### You also need to update /etc/fstab to mount swapfile on boot:
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>/etc/fstab
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>>/swap/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
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### Set password for root
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>passwd
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### Add real user
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>useradd -m MYUSERNAME
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>passwd MYUSERNAME
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### Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
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>nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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### remove 'fsck' and add 'encrypt', 'keyboard', 'keymap' and 'btrfs' to HOOKS before filesystems
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### if no encryption then only remove fsck and add on that place btrfs
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>HOOKS=(... keyboard keymap block encrypt btrfs ... filesystems ...)
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###### optionally add BINARIES=(/usr/bin/btrfs) for rescue?
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### Regenerate initrd image
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>mkinitcpio -P
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# 5. Install bootloader
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### Setup grub (UEFI)
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>pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober dosfstools mtools
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### -------------encryption only---------------------
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>nano /etc/default/grub
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>GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
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### find UUID of crypto partition so we can add it to grub config
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>blkid
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### now set this line including proper UUID:
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>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=UUID=<MainPart-UUID>:MainPart:allow-discards
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### allow-discards is only for ssd
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### generate key so grub dons ask twice for password on boot
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>dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock
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>chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin
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>chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*
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>cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX2 /crypto_keyfile.bin
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### if you change name of key file there is need to add kernel parameter like cryptkey=rootfs:path
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### crypto_keyfile.bin is the default name that kernel will guess anyway
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### now add this file to mkinitcpio.conf
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>nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
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>>FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)
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>mkinitcpio -P
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### -------------encryption end---------------------
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### install
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>grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
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>grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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### Exit new system
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>exit
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### Unmount all partitions
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>swapoff -a
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>umount -R /mnt
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### Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the CD/pendrive
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>reboot
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### or
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>shutdown now
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## addtitional tips
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### to get proper locale and keymap, check:
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>localectl status
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### on KDE plasma , also set settings > ... > keyboard layout && regional settings
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