Update locales conf, update markdown formatting

README.md

@@ -1,260 +1,322 @@
 # Install Arch Linux with encrypted filesystem(optional) and on btrfs partition  (UEFI)
 Official guide for basic install: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide)  
 it is always good to consult with official guide, cause arch config might change in time  
-For setting up different locale than pl check official guide
+For setting up different locale, check official guide
   
 # 1. Boot ISO
 ### Download the ISO file from [https://www.archlinux.org](https://www.archlinux.org/)  
 ### Put on pedrive  
->dd if=archlinux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=16M && sync   
+```bash
-  
+dd if=archlinux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=16M && sync   
+```
 ### Boot from the usb.  
   
 ### Set keymap  
->loadkeys pl  
+```bash
-  
+loadkeys pl  
+```
 ### Update clock  
->timedatectl set-ntp true  
+```bash
-  
+timedatectl set-ntp true  
-### Optionally (recommended) update mirrorlist  
+```
->reflector --country 'Poland' --age 24 --verbose --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist  
+### Optionally (recommended) update mirrorlist 
- 
+```bash
+reflector --country 'Poland' --age 24 --verbose --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist  
+```
  # 2. Prepare Disk
 
 ### Update btrfs-progs
->pacman -Syy btrfs-progs  
+```bash
-  
+pacman -Syy btrfs-progs  
-### Display disks setup  
+```
->fdisk -l  
+### Display disks setup 
-  
+```bash
+fdisk -l  
+```
 ### Create partitions (if you have not already)  
->fdisk /dev/sdX  
+```bash
+fdisk /dev/sdX  
+```
 1. 100MB EFI partition 
 2. 100% size partiton # ( encrypted optionally) for BTRFS, this partition will require formatting AFTER encryption if you do encryption  
 ### Swap will be as file in its own subvolume  
-  
+```bash
->mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdX1   
+mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdX1   
+```
   
 ### ----------------- encryption (optional) ------------------  
   
 ### Setup the encryption of the system, don't use letters outside en-us keyboard like ąęć etc. for password  
 ### Grub have some kind of support for luks2 now but still cannot decrypt luks2, so specify luks1 for now
->cryptsetup -c=aes-xts-plain64 --key-size=512 --hash=sha512 --iter-time=3000 --pbkdf=pbkdf2 --use-random luksFormat --type=luks1 /dev/sdX2  
+```bash
+cryptsetup -c=aes-xts-plain64 --key-size=512 --hash=sha512 --iter-time=3000 --pbkdf=pbkdf2 --use-random luksFormat --type=luks1 /dev/sdX2  
 
->cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX2 MainPart  
+cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX2 MainPart  
-  
+```
 ### Formatting as btrfs now when it is already encrypted  
->mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/mapper/MainPart  
+```bash
-  
+mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/mapper/MainPart  
+```
   
 ### ---------------- end of encryption ------------------------  
   
 ### Format the partition if not yet formatted:
->pacman -Syy btrfs-progs  
+```bash
+pacman -Syy btrfs-progs  
 
->mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/sdX2  
+mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/sdX2  
-  
+```
 ### Mount partition to be able to create btrfs subvolumes  
 ### If using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart:   
->mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt  
+```bash
-  
+mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt  
+```
 ## Create subvolumes  
 ### Using more complicated sheme, (but there actually is only need for separate @swap subvolume , other files can be on default top subvolume)  
-  
+```bash
->btrfs su cr /mnt/@  
+btrfs su cr /mnt/@  
 
->btrfs su cr /mnt/@swap  
+btrfs su cr /mnt/@swap  
 
->btrfs su cr /mnt/@home  
+btrfs su cr /mnt/@home  
 
->btrfs su cr /mnt/@var  
+btrfs su cr /mnt/@var  
 
->btrfs su cr /mnt/@tmp  
+btrfs su cr /mnt/@tmp  
-
->btrfs su cr /mnt/@snapshots  
 
+btrfs su cr /mnt/@snapshots  
+```
 #### disable copy on write on var, tmp and swap
->chattr +C /mnt/@var  
+```bash
->chattr +C /mnt/@tmp  
+chattr +C /mnt/@var  
->chattr +C /mnt/@swap  
+chattr +C /mnt/@tmp  
+chattr +C /mnt/@swap  
 
->umount /mnt  
+umount /mnt  
-  
+```
 ### If using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart:  
->mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@ /dev/sdX2 /mnt  
+```bash
+mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@ /dev/sdX2 /mnt  
   
->mkdir /mnt/swap  
+mkdir /mnt/swap  
 
->mkdir /mnt/home  
+mkdir /mnt/home  
 
->mkdir /mnt/var  
+mkdir /mnt/var  
 
->mkdir /mnt/tmp  
+mkdir /mnt/tmp  
 
->mkdir /mnt/snapshots  
+mkdir /mnt/snapshots  
 
->mkdir /mnt/efi # for EFI partition /dev/sdX1  
+mkdir /mnt/efi # for EFI partition /dev/sdX1  
-  
+  ```
 ### If using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart  
 ### for swap subvolume add nodatacow option to disable CoW (works only if its separate partition)
 ### Discard ssd and noatime are for ssd disks only  
+```bash
+mount -o defaults,noatime,nodatacow,discard,ssd,subvol=@swap /dev/sdX2 /mnt/swap  
+
+mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@home /dev/sdX2 /mnt/home  
+
+mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@var /dev/sdX2 /mnt/var  
+
+mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@tmp /dev/sdX2 /mnt/tmp  
+
+mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@snapshots /dev/sdX2 /mnt/snapshots  
+
+mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/efi  
   
->mount -o defaults,noatime,nodatacow,discard,ssd,subvol=@swap /dev/sdX2 /mnt/swap  
+```
-
->mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@home /dev/sdX2 /mnt/home  
-
->mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@var /dev/sdX2 /mnt/var  
-
->mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@tmp /dev/sdX2 /mnt/tmp  
-
->mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@snapshots /dev/sdX2 /mnt/snapshots  
-
->mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/efi  
-  
-  
 # 3.  Install Arch Linux
   
 ### Select the mirror to be used if not updated with reflector on start  
->nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist  
+```bash
-  
+nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist  
+```
 ### This command can be customized with additional packages  
->pacstrap /mnt/ base base-devel git btrfs-progs efibootmgr linux linux-headers linux-firmware mkinitcpio dhcpcd bash-completion sudo  
+```bash
-  
+pacstrap /mnt/ base base-devel git btrfs-progs efibootmgr linux linux-headers linux-firmware mkinitcpio dhcpcd bash-completion sudo  
-### Use genfstab with -U parameter if no encryption  
+  ```
->genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab  
+### Use genfstab with -U parameter if no encryption
-  
+```bash
-### If using swapfile check if nodatacow is added for @swap  
+genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab  
->nano /mnt/etc/fstab  
+  ```
-  
+### If using swapfile check if nodatacow is added for @swap 
+```bash
+vim /mnt/etc/fstab  
+  ```
 
   
 # 4. Configure the system 
   
 ### Switch to installed system root user
->arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash  
+```bash
+arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash  
+```
   
 ### Nano can be usefull when editing config files
->pacman -Syy nano  
+```bash
-  
+pacman -Syy nano  
+  ```
 ### Setup system clock  
->ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime  
+```bash
-
+ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime  
+```
 >hwclock --systohc --utc  
   
-### Set the hostname  
+### Set the hostname in `/etc/hostname`
->/etc/hostname  
+```test
->>myhostname 
+myhostname 
-  
+  ```
-### Edit vconsole  
+### Edit vconsole  in `/etc/vconsole.conf`
->/etc/vconsole.conf  
+```text
->>KEYMAP=pl  
+KEYMAP=pl  
->>FONT=Lat2-Terminus16.psfu.gz  
+FONT=Lat2-Terminus16.psfu.gz  
->>FONT_MAP=8859-2  
+FONT_MAP=8859-2  
-  
+```
 ### Setup locale  
-### Uncomment pl_PL.UTF-8 in /etc/locale.gen and then:  
+### Uncomment pl_PL.UTF-8 in /etc/locale.gen and then run:  
->locale-gen  
+```bash
-  
+locale-gen  
-### Update locale  
+  ```
->/etc/locale.conf  
+### Update locale in `etc/locale.conf`
->>LANG=pl_PL.UTF-8  
+```text
->>LC_ALL=pl_PL.UTF-8
+LANG=en_US.UTF-8
-  
+LC_COLLATE=pl_PL.UTF-8
-### Hosts 
+LC_MEASUREMENT=pl_PL.UTF-8
->/etc/hosts  
+LC_MONETARY=pl_PL.UTF-8
->>127.0.0.1 localhost  
+LC_NUMERIC=pl_PL.UTF-8
->>::1 localhost  
+LC_TIME=pl_PL.UTF-8
->>127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname  
+  ```
-  
+### Hosts in `/etc/hosts`
+```text
+127.0.0.1 localhost  
+::1 localhost  
+127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname  
+  ```
 ### Now create 4GiB swap file. nodatacow is already on @swap but if you follow exactly then @swap is on same partition as other subvolumes and nodatacow will not work for whole subvolume so you need to disavle CoW manualy :  
->touch /swap/swapfile  
+```bash
+touch /swap/swapfile  
+```
 ### Check if C attribute is enabled with 
->lsattr /swap/swapfile'
+```bash
-
+lsattr /swap/swapfile'
+```
 ### If not then disable COW for swapfile manually: 
->chattr +C /swap/swapfile  
+```bash
-  
+chattr +C /swap/swapfile  
+  ```
 ### Expanding empty file to 4GiB swap file  
->dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swapfile bs=1024K count=4096  
+```bash
-  
+dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swapfile bs=1024K count=4096  
->chmod 600 /swap/swapfile  
   
+chmod 600 /swap/swapfile  
+  ```
 ### Format the swap file.  
->mkswap /swap/swapfile  
+```bash
-  
+mkswap /swap/swapfile  
+ ``` 
 ### Turn swap file on.  
->swapon /swap/swapfile  
+```bash
-  
+swapon /swap/swapfile  
-### You also need to update /etc/fstab to mount swapfile on boot:  
+```  
->/etc/fstab
+### You also need to update `/etc/fstab` to mount swapfile on boot:  
->>/swap/swapfile none swap sw 0 0  
+```text
-  
+/swap/swapfile none swap sw 0 0  
+  ```
 ### Set password for root  
->passwd  
+```bash
+passwd  
+```
 ### Add real user  
->useradd -m MYUSERNAME  
+```bash
-
+useradd -m MYUSERNAME 
->passwd MYUSERNAME  
+passwd MYUSERNAME  
-  
+  ```
 ### Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image  
->nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf  
+```bash
+vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf  
+```
 ### Remove 'fsck' and add 'keyboard', 'keymap', 'encrypt' and 'btrfs' to HOOKS before filesystems  
 ### If no encryption then only remove fsck and add on that place btrfs  
->HOOKS=(... keyboard keymap block encrypt btrfs ... filesystems ...)  
+```text
-  
+HOOKS=(... keyboard keymap block encrypt btrfs ... filesystems ...)  
+  ```
 ###### optionally add BINARIES=(/usr/bin/btrfs) for rescue?  
   
-### Regenerate initrd images  
+### Regenerate initrd images 
->mkinitcpio -P  
+```bash
-  
+mkinitcpio -P  
+  ```
   # 5. Install bootloader
   
 ### Setup grub (UEFI)  
->pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober dosfstools mtools  
+```bash
-  
+pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober dosfstools mtools  
+  ```
   
 ### -------------encryption only---------------------  
->nano /etc/default/grub  
+#### edit `/etc/default/grub` 
->>GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y  
+```text
+GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y  
+```
 ### Find UUID (UUID for /dev/sdX2) of crypto partition so we can add it to grub config  
->blkid  
+```bash
+blkid  
+```
 ### Now set this line including proper UUID in place of "\<device-UUID>":
 #### (temporarly you can use /dev/sdX2 in place of "UUID=\<device-UUID>" and change it later easy in gui mode)
->/etc/default/grub 
+edit `/etc/default/grub`
->>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=UUID=\<device-UUID>:MainPart:allow-discards"  
+```text
+GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=UUID=\<device-UUID>:MainPart:allow-discards"  
+```
 ### allow-discards is only for ssd  
   
 ### Generate key so grub don't ask twice for password on boot  
->dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock  
+```bash
->chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin  
+dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock  
->chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*  
+chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin  
->cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX2 /crypto_keyfile.bin  
+chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*  
+cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX2 /crypto_keyfile.bin  
+```
 ### If you change name of key file there is need to add kernel parameter like cryptkey=rootfs:path  
 ### Crypto_keyfile.bin is the default name that kernel will guess anyway  
-### Now add this file to mkinitcpio.conf  
+### Now add this file to `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`   
->/etc/mkinitcpio.conf  
+```text
->>FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)  
+FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)  
-  
+```
->mkinitcpio -P  
+then run:
+```bash
+mkinitcpio -P  
+```
 ### -------------encryption end---------------------  
   
 ### Install
->grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB  
+```bash
->grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg  
+grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB  
-  
+grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg  
+ ```
 ### Exit new system  
->exit  
+```bash
-  
+exit  
+  ```
 ### Unmount all partitions  
->swapoff -a  
+```bash
->umount -R /mnt  
+swapoff -a  
+umount -R /mnt
+```
   
 ### Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the CD/pendrive
->reboot  
+```bash
+reboot  
+```
 ### or  
->shutdown now  
+```bash
-  
+shutdown now  
+  ```
 ## Addtitional tips
 ### To get proper locale and keymap, check:  
->localectl status  
+```bash
+localectl status  
+```
 ### On KDE plasma , also set settings > ... > keyboard layout && regional settings