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README.md
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README.md
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@ -1,480 +1,260 @@
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# ArchLinux install encrypted btrfs
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# Install Arch Linux on EFI system with full filesystem (including /boot) encrypted and on btrfs partition
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Official guide for basic install: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation\_Guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide)
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# Install Arch Linux with encrypted filesystem(optional) and on btrfs partition (UEFI)
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Official guide for basic install: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_Guide)
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it is always good to consult with official guide, cause arch config might change in time
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For setting up different locale, or better explanations check out Arch Wiki
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For setting up different locale than pl check official guide
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## 1. Boot ISO
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# 1. Boot ISO
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### Download the ISO file from [https://www.archlinux.org](https://www.archlinux.org/)
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### Put on pedrive
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>dd if=archlinux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=16M && sync
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#### Download the ISO file from [https://www.archlinux.org](https://www.archlinux.org/)
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### Boot from the usb.
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#### Put on pendrive
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### Set keymap
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>loadkeys pl
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```bash
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dd if=archlinux.img of=/dev/sdX bs=16M && sync
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```
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### Update clock
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>timedatectl set-ntp true
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#### Boot from the USB.
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### Optionally (recommended) update mirrorlist
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>reflector --country 'Poland' --age 24 --verbose --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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#### Optional (**experimental** approach to have desktop environment during install):
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# 2. Prepare Disk
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##### Extend writable space so you can install basic desktop in live environment and for example use gparted for partitioning or open this tutorial in web browser or whatever you want.
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### Update btrfs-progs
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>pacman -Syy btrfs-progs
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<p class="callout warning">Remember this area is saved in your RAM, so make sure you have enough of it</p>
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```
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mount -o remount,size=5G /run/archiso/cowspace
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pacman -Syy plasma-desktop glibc konsole xorg
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pacman -Scc
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startplasma-wayland
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```
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#### Set key map
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```bash
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loadkeys pl
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```
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#### Update clock
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```bash
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timedatectl set-ntp true
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```
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#### Optionally (recommended) update mirrorlist
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```bash
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reflector --country 'Poland' --age 24 --verbose --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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```
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## 2. Prepare Disk
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#### Update btrfs-progs
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```bash
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pacman -Syy btrfs-progs
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```
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#### Display disks and partitions
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```bash
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lsblk
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```
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#### Create partitions (if you have not already)
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```bash
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fdisk /dev/sdX
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```
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### Display disks setup
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>fdisk -l
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### Create partitions (if you have not already)
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>fdisk /dev/sdX
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1. 100MB EFI partition
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2. 100% size partiton # ( encrypted optionally) for BTRFS partition, this partition will require formatting AFTER encryption if you do encryption
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2. 100% size partiton # ( encrypted optionally) for BTRFS, this partition will require formatting AFTER encryption if you do encryption
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### Swap will be as file in its own subvolume
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##### Swap will bin in file with CoW disabled, which will be prepared later
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>mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdX1
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#### Format EFI partition
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### ----------------- encryption (optional) ------------------
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```Bash
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mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sdX1
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```
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### Setup the encryption of the system, don't use letters outside en-us keyboard like ąęć etc. for password
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### Grub have partial support for luks2 now, but can handle only pbkdf2
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>cryptsetup -c=aes-xts-plain64 --key-size=512 --hash=sha512 --iter-time=3000 --pbkdf=pbkdf2 --use-random luksFormat --type=luks2 /dev/sdX2
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##### ----------------- encryption (optional) ------------------
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#### Setup the encryption of the system,
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<p class="callout info">Don't use regional letters (not in en-us keyboard) like ąęć etc. for password. This requires additional steps, which are not covered by this tutorial.</p>
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#### Grub have some kind of support for luks2, but not entirely, so for more fail-safe setup use luks1
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```bash
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cryptsetup -c=aes-xts-plain64 --key-size=512 --hash=sha512 --iter-time=3000 --pbkdf=pbkdf2 --use-random luksFormat --type=luks1 /dev/sdX2
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cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX2 MainPart
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```
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>cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdX2 MainPart
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### Formatting as btrfs now when it is already encrypted
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>mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/mapper/MainPart
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```bash
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mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/mapper/MainPart
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```
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##### ---------------- end of encryption ------------------------
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### ---------------- end of encryption ------------------------
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#### Format the partition if not yet formatted:
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### Format the partition if not yet formatted:
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>pacman -Syy btrfs-progs
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```bash
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pacman -Syy btrfs-progs
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>mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/sdX2
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mkfs.btrfs -L "Arch Linux" /dev/sdX2
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```
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### Mount partition to be able to create btrfs subvolumes
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### If using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart:
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>mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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#### Mount partition to be able to create btrfs subvolumes
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## Create subvolumes
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### Using more complicated sheme, (but there actually is only need for separate @swap subvolume , other files can be on default top subvolume)
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##### If using encryption, change **/dev/sdX2** to **/dev/mapper/MainPart**:
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@
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```bash
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mount /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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```
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@swap
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#### Create subvolumes
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@home
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##### This scheme can be adjusted to your needs, I'd suggest at least one subvolume for root (@) and one for snapshots (@snapshots). varlog and tmp are created to easily disable Copy on Write on` /var/log` and `/tmp`.
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@var
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```bash
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btrfs su cr /mnt/@
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@tmp
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btrfs su cr /mnt/@home
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>btrfs su cr /mnt/@snapshots
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btrfs su cr /mnt/@varlog
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#### disable copy on write on var, tmp and swap
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>chattr +C /mnt/@var
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>chattr +C /mnt/@tmp
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>chattr +C /mnt/@swap
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btrfs su cr /mnt/@tmp
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>umount /mnt
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btrfs su cr /mnt/@snapshots
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### If using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart:
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@ /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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|
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```
|
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>mkdir /mnt/swap
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##### Disable copy on write on `/var/log` and `/tmp`
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>mkdir /mnt/home
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```bash
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chattr +C /mnt/@varlog
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chattr +C /mnt/@tmp
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umount /mnt
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>mkdir /mnt/var
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```
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>mkdir /mnt/tmp
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#### If using encryption, change **/dev/sdX2** to **/dev/mapper/MainPart**:
|
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>mkdir /mnt/snapshots
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```bash
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mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@ /dev/sdX2 /mnt
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>mkdir /mnt/efi # for EFI partition /dev/sdX1
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mkdir /mnt/home
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### If using encryption, change /dev/sdX2 to /dev/mapper/MainPart
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### for swap subvolume add nodatacow option to disable CoW (works only if its separate partition)
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### Discard ssd and noatime are for ssd disks only
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mkdir -p /mnt/var/log
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,nodatacow,discard,ssd,subvol=@swap /dev/sdX2 /mnt/swap
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mkdir /mnt/tmp
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@home /dev/sdX2 /mnt/home
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mkdir /mnt/snapshots
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@var /dev/sdX2 /mnt/var
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mkdir /mnt/efi # for EFI partition /dev/sdX1
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```
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@tmp /dev/sdX2 /mnt/tmp
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#### Discard and ssd options and are for ssd disks only
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>mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@snapshots /dev/sdX2 /mnt/snapshots
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#### If using encryption, change **/dev/sdX2** to **/dev/mapper/MainPart**
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>mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/efi
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```bash
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mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@home /dev/sdX2 /mnt/home
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mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@varlog /dev/sdX2 /mnt/var/log
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# 3. Install Arch Linux
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mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@tmp /dev/sdX2 /mnt/tmp
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### Select the mirror to be used if not updated with reflector on start
|
||||
>nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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mount -o defaults,noatime,discard,ssd,subvol=@snapshots /dev/sdX2 /mnt/snapshots
|
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### This command can be customized with additional packages
|
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>pacstrap /mnt/ base base-devel git btrfs-progs efibootmgr linux linux-headers linux-firmware mkinitcpio dhcpcd bash-completion sudo
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mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/efi
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||||
```
|
||||
### Use genfstab with -U parameter if no encryption
|
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>genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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# 3. Install Arch Linux
|
||||
### If using swapfile check if nodatacow is added for @swap
|
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>nano /mnt/etc/fstab
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|
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#### Select the mirror to be used if not updated with reflector on start
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
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vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
|
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```
|
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#### Install base system:
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##### This command can be customized with additional packages (**btrfs-progs is necessary to let the system boot up from btrfs partition !**)
|
||||
|
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```bash
|
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pacstrap /mnt/ base base-devel git btrfs-progs efibootmgr linux linux-headers linux-firmware mkinitcpio dhcpcd bash-completion sudo
|
||||
```
|
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|
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#### Generate fstab:
|
||||
|
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##### Use genfstab with -U parameter if no encryption
|
||||
|
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```bash
|
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genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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####
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# 4. Configure the system
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#### Switch to installed system root user
|
||||
### Switch to installed system root user
|
||||
>arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
|
||||
|
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```bash
|
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arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
|
||||
```
|
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### Nano can be usefull when editing config files
|
||||
>pacman -Syy nano
|
||||
|
||||
#### Setup system clock
|
||||
### Setup system clock
|
||||
>ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
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ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime
|
||||
>hwclock --systohc --utc
|
||||
|
||||
hwclock --systohc --utc
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Set the hostname
|
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>/etc/hostname
|
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>>myhostname
|
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|
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#### Set the hostname in `/etc/hostname`
|
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### Edit vconsole
|
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>/etc/vconsole.conf
|
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>>KEYMAP=pl
|
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>>FONT=Lat2-Terminus16.psfu.gz
|
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>>FONT_MAP=8859-2
|
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|
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```test
|
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myhostname
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```
|
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### Setup locale
|
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### Uncomment pl_PL.UTF-8 in /etc/locale.gen and then:
|
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>locale-gen
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|
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#### Edit vconsole in `/etc/vconsole.conf`
|
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### Update locale
|
||||
>/etc/locale.conf
|
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>>LANG=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
>>LC_ALL=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
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KEYMAP=pl
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FONT=Lat2-Terminus16.psfu.gz
|
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FONT_MAP=8859-2
|
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### Hosts
|
||||
>/etc/hosts
|
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>>127.0.0.1 localhost
|
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>>::1 localhost
|
||||
>>127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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### Now create 4GiB swap file. nodatacow is already on @swap but if you follow exactly then @swap is on same partition as other subvolumes and nodatacow will not work for whole subvolume so you need to disavle CoW manualy :
|
||||
>touch /swap/swapfile
|
||||
### Check if C attribute is enabled with
|
||||
>lsattr /swap/swapfile'
|
||||
|
||||
#### Setup locale
|
||||
### If not then disable COW for swapfile manually:
|
||||
>chattr +C /swap/swapfile
|
||||
|
||||
##### Uncomment pl\_PL.UTF-8 in /etc/locale.gen and then run:
|
||||
### Expanding empty file to 4GiB swap file
|
||||
>dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swapfile bs=1024K count=4096
|
||||
|
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```bash
|
||||
locale-gen
|
||||
```
|
||||
>chmod 600 /swap/swapfile
|
||||
|
||||
#### Update locale in `etc/locale.conf`
|
||||
### Format the swap file.
|
||||
>mkswap /swap/swapfile
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
|
||||
LC_COLLATE=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
LC_MEASUREMENT=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
LC_MONETARY=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
LC_NUMERIC=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
LC_TIME=pl_PL.UTF-8
|
||||
### Turn swap file on.
|
||||
>swapon /swap/swapfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
### You also need to update /etc/fstab to mount swapfile on boot:
|
||||
>/etc/fstab
|
||||
>>/swap/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
#### Hosts in `/etc/hosts`
|
||||
### Set password for root
|
||||
>passwd
|
||||
### Add real user
|
||||
>useradd -m MYUSERNAME
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
127.0.0.1 localhost
|
||||
::1 localhost
|
||||
127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Now create empty (with 0 size) swap file:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Create separate subvolume for swapfile. This subvolume is needed to let you make snapshot of `/`, which would not be possible with any file in it with CoW disabled!
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
btrfs su create /swap
|
||||
|
||||
chattr +C /swap
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Copy on Write should always be disabled on swap file, so it will be done in the next step
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
touch /swap/swapfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Check if C attribute is enabled (should be already if created in folder with disabled CoW attribute)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
lsattr /swap/swapfile'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### If not then disable CoW for swapfile manually:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chattr +C /swap/swapfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Expanding empty file to 4GiB swap file
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swapfile bs=1024K count=4096
|
||||
|
||||
chmod 600 /swap/swapfile
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Format the swap file.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkswap /swap/swapfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Turn swap file on.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
swapon /swap/swapfile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### You also need to update `/etc/fstab` to mount swapfile on boot:
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
/swap/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Set password for root
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add real user an set password for him
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
useradd -m MYUSERNAME
|
||||
|
||||
passwd MYUSERNAME
|
||||
```
|
||||
>passwd MYUSERNAME
|
||||
|
||||
### Configure mkinitcpio with modules needed for the initrd image
|
||||
>nano /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
|
||||
### Remove 'fsck' and add 'keyboard', 'keymap', 'encrypt' and 'btrfs' to HOOKS before filesystems
|
||||
### If no encryption then only remove fsck and add on that place btrfs
|
||||
>HOOKS=(... keyboard keymap block encrypt btrfs ... filesystems ...)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
###### optionally add BINARIES=(/usr/bin/btrfs) for rescue?
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add 'keyboard', 'keymap', 'encrypt' and 'btrfs' to HOOKS before filesystems:
|
||||
### Regenerate initrd images
|
||||
>mkinitcpio -P
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block btrfs filesystems keyboard fsck)
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 5. Install bootloader
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add btrfsck to binaries:
|
||||
### Setup grub (UEFI)
|
||||
>pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober dosfstools mtools
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
BINARIES=(btrfsck)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### **With encryption:** also add encrypt before btrfs:
|
||||
### -------------encryption only---------------------
|
||||
>nano /etc/default/grub
|
||||
>>GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
|
||||
### Find UUID (PARTUUID for /dev/sdX2) of crypto partition so we can add it to grub config
|
||||
>blkid
|
||||
### Now set this line including proper UUID in place of "\<device-UUID>":
|
||||
####(temporarly you cen use /dev/sdX2 in place of UUID and change it later easy in gui mode)
|
||||
>/etc/default/grub
|
||||
>>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=UUID=\<device-UUID>:MainPart:allow-discards
|
||||
### allow-discards is only for ssd
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
HOOKS=(... keyboard keymap block encrypt btrfs ... filesystems ...)
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Generate key so grub don't ask twice for password on boot
|
||||
>dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock
|
||||
>chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin
|
||||
>chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*
|
||||
>cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX2 /crypto_keyfile.bin
|
||||
### If you change name of key file there is need to add kernel parameter like cryptkey=rootfs:path
|
||||
### Crypto_keyfile.bin is the default name that kernel will guess anyway
|
||||
### Now add this file to mkinitcpio.conf
|
||||
>/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
|
||||
>>FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)
|
||||
|
||||
######
|
||||
>mkinitcpio -P
|
||||
### -------------encryption end---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
#### Regenerate initrd images
|
||||
### Install
|
||||
>grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
|
||||
>grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkinitcpio -P
|
||||
```
|
||||
### Exit new system
|
||||
>exit
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. Install bootloader
|
||||
### Unmount all partitions
|
||||
>swapoff -a
|
||||
>umount -R /mnt
|
||||
|
||||
#### Setup grub (UEFI)
|
||||
### Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the CD/pendrive
|
||||
>reboot
|
||||
### or
|
||||
>shutdown now
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober dosfstools mtools
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### -------------encryption only---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
#### edit `/etc/default/grub`
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Find UUID (UUID for /dev/sdX2) of crypto partition so we can add it to grub config
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
blkid
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Now set this line including proper UUID in place of "<device-UUID>":
|
||||
|
||||
#### (temporarly you can use /dev/sdX2 in place of "UUID=<device-UUID>" and change it later easy in gui mode)
|
||||
|
||||
##### edit `/etc/default/grub`
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=UUID=<device-UUID>:MainPart:allow-discards"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### allow-discards is only for ssd to let trim work with encryption enabled
|
||||
|
||||
#### Generate key so grub don't ask twice for password on boot
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock
|
||||
chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin
|
||||
chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*
|
||||
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX2 /crypto_keyfile.bin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### If you change name of key file there is need to add kernel parameter like cryptkey=rootfs:path
|
||||
|
||||
#### Crypto\_keyfile.bin is the default name that kernel will guess anyway
|
||||
|
||||
#### Now add this file to `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
then run:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkinitcpio -P
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### -------------encryption end---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install grub for
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
|
||||
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Exit new system
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
exit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Unmount all partitions
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
swapoff -a
|
||||
umount -R /mnt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Reboot into the new system, don't forget to remove the pendrive
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
reboot
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### or
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
shutdown now
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Addtitional tips:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install AUR helper (git and base-devel packages needed to do so):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
|
||||
|
||||
cd yay
|
||||
|
||||
makepkg -si
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### To get proper locale and keymap, check:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
localectl status
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### On KDE plasma , also set settings > ... > keyboard layout && regional settings
|
||||
## Addtitional tips
|
||||
### To get proper locale and keymap, check:
|
||||
>localectl status
|
||||
### On KDE plasma , also set settings > ... > keyboard layout && regional settings
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue